Taking the train

The following is a guide on how to use trains in Japan. We also have more specific pages on shinkansen (bullet trains), train tickets, timetables, luggage, night trains and train manners.

1) Train categories

Trains in Japan, from local to shinkansen, are classified typically into the following categories:

	Local (kakueki-teisha or futsu-densha) Local trains stop at every station.
	Rapid (kaisoku) Rapid trains skip some stations. There is no difference in the ticket price between local and rapid trains.
	Express (kyuko) Express trains stop at even fewer stations than rapid trains. There is generally no difference in the ticket price between local and express trains.
	Limited Express (tokkyu) Limited express trains stop only at major stations. Depending on the railway company, a limited express fee has to be paid in addition to the base fare in order to ride a limited express. It is typically between 500 and 4000 yen depending on how far you travel. Among the companies that charge a limited express fee is JR.
	Super Express (shinkansen) Shinkansen are operated only by JR and use separate tracks and platforms. A limited express fee has to be paid in addition to the base fare. It is typically between 800 and 8000 yen depending on how far you travel.

2) Seat categories

On long-distance trains, JR offers the choice between two classes: ordinary and green (business class) seats. On some bullet trains there are furthermore Gran Class (first class) seats. Most local trains carry only ordinary cars. Green cars are less crowded and offer more spacious seats, but are typically 30% to 50% more expensive than ordinary cars. Gran Class seats are even more spacious and expensive.

Most shinkansen and limited express trains carry non-reserved (jiyū-seki) and reserved (shitei-seki) seats, while a few carry only reserved seats. Seats in green cars are often all-reserved. On most local, rapid and express trains all seats are non-reserved. Seat reservations cost roughly 300-900 yen, but are free with the Japan Rail Pass.

3) Buying a ticket

Prepaid IC cards, such as Suica and Icoca, simplify the process of using trains a lot. Please see our page about IC cards for more details. When not using IC cards, travelers can purchase tickets for short distance trips at ticket machines, while tickets and seat reservations for long distance trips can be purchased at manned ticket counters or selected ticket machines. Visit our shinkansen page for more details about buying tickets for the bullet trains.

a) Purchase a ticket at a ticket machine (for short-distance travel)

1. Find your destination and the corresponding fare on the map above the vending machine. The map shows the train lines and stations of the region. Ticket prices are shown beside each station.
2. Insert the money into the vending machine. Most machines accept coins of 10, 50, 100 and 500 yen and bills of 1000 yen. Many machines also accept larger bills.
3. Select the number of tickets that you wish to buy. The default is one, so if you are traveling alone, you can skip this step.
4. Press the button that shows the amount for your ticket, e.g. 200 yen.
5. Collect the ticket(s) and change.

Sometimes the station names on the maps are written only in Japanese. If you are unable to find your destination and the corresponding fare, you can purchase a ticket for the lowest possible price, and pay the difference at a fare adjustment machine at the destination station.

b) Purchase a ticket at a ticket counter

In order to purchase a ticket, you need to provide the following information:

• Number of travelers
• Date of travel
• Departure station
• Destination station
• Ordinary or green car
• Preference of reserved or non-reserved seat

If you wish to reserve a seat, you need to provide the following additional information:

• Train name and number OR departure time

If you do not speak Japanese and there is a lineup, it is recommended that you write the data on a piece of paper and present it to the salesperson in order to make the purchasing process smoother. Special forms for that purpose (some in English) are actually provided at some stations, but are rarely used by customers.

4) Entering the paid fare zone

After buying the ticket, you can proceed through the ticket gates. At automatic ticket gates, insert the ticket into the slot, walk through the gate and pick up the ticket on the other side. If you insert an invalid ticket, the gate will close and an alarm will sound. If you use an IC card, touch the IC card reader for about a second, instead.

In order to access shinkansen platforms, you need to pass through a second or separate set of ticket gates. They are usually well marked.

5) Station platforms

Find your platform by looking for your train line and direction. Most important signs are written in Japanese and English, and increasingly also in Chinese and Korean.

On many platforms, marks on the floor indicate where the doors of the arriving train will be located. Waiting passengers will line up behind those marks. Train drivers are trained to stop within centimeters.

In case of long distance trains, additional marks will indicate car numbers and whether the car is an ordinary or green car, and whether it carries reserved or non-reserved seats.

Note that some platforms are served by trains of different train categories (e.g. local and rapid trains). Displays indicate the next arriving train's category and - at some stations - the set of upcoming stations served by it.

6) Riding the train

Wait for passengers to exit before entering the train. Be careful not to block the door at stations, especially if the train is crowded. Put backpacks onto the baggage shelves or on the floor next to your feet where they do not bother other passengers.

Most passengers on Japanese trains are either reading, sleeping or using their mobile phones. Talking on mobile phones inside trains, however, is forbidden, except in the entrance sections of shinkansen and limited express trains.

Upcoming stations and connecting lines are announced in Japanese. On shinkansen and other lines frequented by foreign visitors, the announcements are also made in English. Newer trains have electronic signs, which display the upcoming station and other useful information.

7) At the destination station

The station names on platforms are written in kanji, hiragana and English. The previous and upcoming station names are also shown.

At your destination, leave the paid fare zone through the ticket gates in the same way as you entered. When paying with a single ticket, the ticket is retained in the machine upon exiting.

If you did not pay the correct fare for your destination station, you have to pay the difference at a "Fare Adjustment" machine before leaving through the gates. If there are no such machines, you can pay the difference at the manned gate.